Common Anatomical Terms Used When Discussing The Body

The Anatomical Position

When discussing human anatomy or using anatomical terms, it’s essential to start with a clear reference point. This reference point is called the anatomical position. In this standard position, a person stands upright, arms relaxed at their sides, with palms facing forward and fingers extended. The feet point straight ahead, and both the head and eyes face forward.

This standardised posture helps eliminate confusion when describing the body. Instead of using vague terms like “up” or “below,” clinicians can accurately describe where one body part lies in relation to another. It’s a universal frame of reference used in medicine, physiotherapy, and other allied health professions.

Without this standard position, communication between healthcare professionals would be less consistent, especially when explaining injuries, surgical procedures, or areas of concern. This is why anatomical terms are taught early in medical and health-related education and frequently used during consultations and documentation.

The anatomical position also helps when explaining injuries or treatment plans to patients. You may hear your physiotherapist use some of the following terms to describe where your pain or issue is located in relation to other parts of your body.

Simple Anatomical Terms Used in Physiotherapy

• Lateral – Refers to something located farther from the body’s midline. For instance, the thumb is lateral to the little finger in the anatomical position.
• Medial – Indicates a structure that is closer to the midline. For example, the sternum (breastbone) is medial to the shoulder blades (scapulae).
• Superior – Means “above” or closer to the head. The shoulders are superior to the hips.
• Inferior – Means “below” or closer to the feet. For example, the mouth is inferior to the nose.
• Anterior – Refers to a position toward the front of the body. The sternum is anterior to the spine. This term is sometimes called “ventral.”
• Posterior – Means toward the back of the body. For instance, your shoulder blades are posterior to your ribcage.
• Superficial – Closer to the body’s surface. The skin is superficial compared to muscles or internal organs.
• Deep – Further away from the body surface. For example, your femur is deep to the thigh muscles that surround it.
• Distal – Located further from the centre of the body or the point where a limb attaches. The fingers are distal to the elbow.
• Proximal – Closer to the centre of the body or point of limb attachment. For instance, the shoulder is proximal to the wrist.

Understanding these terms can help you better follow your physiotherapist’s explanations. Whether they’re describing your injury or a movement pattern, these words allow for precision and clarity.

Disclaimer: Sydney Physio Clinic provides this information as an educational service and it is not intended to serve as medical advice. Anyone seeking specific advice or assistance on Common Anatomical Terms Used When Discussing the Body should consult their physiotherapist, general practitioner, or another appropriately qualified healthcare professional.